(Chile says in terms of the coast it captured from Bolivia that Chile maintains the cost of free to Bolivia all ports along this captured coast and all highways leading to it from Bolivia and a rail road from Bolivia to the coast. And that Bolivians thus should now be billionaires with such extravagance. Bolivia says it is not true what Chile purports is the truth.                                                                                                                                                  There is a solution and that is to create the state of Chilivia commonly and equally in all ways the land of Chile and Bolivia  with upkeep expenses of Chilivia paid equally by Chile and Bolivia. Better yet (1) create the states of North Chilivia (Peru - the port of Arica a port of Peru and north of the northerly end of the saltpeter (gunpowder) mineral deposits along the Pacific coast and a design to shut off the U.S. Navy from the Bolivia coast and renting a Bolivia port against the English design which nation Chile had a junta with and after capturing the southern most Peruvian coast at Arica and the Bolivia coast Chile offered Bolivia a settlement deal (a bent to the west stovepipe piece of coastal land north of Arica not very valuable in minerals and not essential to the British design but Bolivia rejected that coastline because it belonged to Peru,  (2) create the state of Central Chilivia (to be a Bolivia coastal state - the largest state of the three Chilivias) and (3) create the state of south Chilivia a Chile coastal state of medium size(Antafagasto port). With a silver Virgin of Quito high on a mountain overlooking. That would easily work and prevent The second War of the Pacific. Who really wanted the Bolivia coast to belong to Chile was England going through English businessmen quietly financing Chile for war. Neither Bolivia nor Peru was aware Chile had money to start a war. England losing it's empire wanted to start another trade empire taking all the South America trade money and pushing Spain back across the Atlantic and keeping the U.S. Navy out of Bolivia and from renting a Bolivia port, Bolivia being the best naturally fortified nation in the world and the heartland of South America and the British trade headquarters would be set up in Bolivia with Chile as a partner. So there it is the most logical solution, the best solution. And concomitantly it is my solution. Just like Matt Damon drawing out in the sand a logical profit making solution for oil transport to the oldest son of the Emir. There are Rhinos on that road. Come Lord Jesus come.)                                                                                 Major Percy Fawcett working as a border surveyor for the government of Bolivia a number of years wrote that "the English are the preferred people of Bolivia".  He wrote this in the first decade of the 20th century which is two decades following the War of the Pacific when Bolivia lost it's coast to Chile. Later he was called back to England with the advent of World War 1 and subsequently promoted to Lt Colonel. He was murdered in the Brazil Mato Grosso in 1925.                                                                                   The most southerly jut of the Atacama desert along the Pacific Coast was given to the Bolivia area of Potosi. And the northern most border of Chile was defined as the latitude immediately south of the city of Antofagasto, Bolivia located on the coast at the southern most end of the Atacama desert. I have been along the Atacama desert farther to the north and one can travel miles before spotting a single blade of grass it is that dry seeing to the left traveling north the surf of the Pacific crashing. It is the dryest place in the world. Chile was satisfied with it's northern coastal border with Bolivia - as it never had any other and was not part of Charcas as Antofagasto was, a southerly coastal city beginning of western Bolivia, untill it was realized what maketability the rich nitrate deposits of the Atcama desert Bolivia coast had. The first action of Chile was to create an imaginary state of Chile that encompassed the Bolivia coastline to the north. And  for Chile to cite references to old documents that Bolivia (Charcas) was "basically" a landlocked state. Which was true that Bolivia was basically a landlocked state - but at the same time Chile ignored that Bolivia was given a relatively short coast line which is the Pacific coast line along the Bolivia area the Potosi area - Chile thinking more and more of the marketability of the rich nitrate deposits for world  fertilizer and gun powder along the dry Bolivia Atacama desert coast until it became an obsession. The U.S. with great interest explored these South America nations borders with excellence in research and the Pacific coastal city of Antofagasto was in Bolivia the Chile border defined as beginning to the south of Antofagasto. For our U.S. government research decades preceeding the War of the Pacific on the borders go to http://www.boliviaweb.com/mar/sea/chapter1.htm . The act of Chile of the taking of the Bolivia coast was a deviltry act of thievery for the reason of monitary gains for the Chile treasury. Chile had created the fictitious ownership of the Bolivia coastline years earlier when it was discovered how valuable it was turning out to be in mineral wealth of nitrates for fertizizer (which Chile had no need of as it's agricultural valleys are the richest in the world), and in world demand  for "gunpowder" nitrates. Thus of another names for the War of the Pacific 1879 - 1884 the name would not be the Fertilizer War but would be the Gunpowder War. The Bolivia coast had never belonged to Chile in any way or manner Chile not being part of Charcas.                                                                                            The only realistic option here would be for world Social Work to take this case to a world court that Chile and England pay yearly for the neurotoxin spray that keeps Chagas low in other South America nations. Social Work never in it's history has been presented with a challenging and difficult case on a level of this case. And Chile will not ceed an inch. It will be Pinocchio with his nose pointed north resting it in Charcas. He will not take his polygraph exam. Neither will Mrs Pinochio. It would be all so much simpler. And the F.B.I. following the money trail. But they are not available on Chagas.                                                                            And the Biblioteca Nacional of Bolivia in La Paz has not one publication on Chagas Disease. I have been in Bolivia and La Paz several times and checked the National Library of Bolivia each of those times for publications on Chagas, Malaria and Osteoporosis and never found one. That is go easy. There are Rhinos on that road. Some of Social Work will not be coming back. Social Work is only a minute figment of social work. Then the F.B.I. will be available. But it is not all that bad. There is a medical research building (floor) directly across the street from the Hospital de Clinicas on the poorer section edge of the rich Milaflores section (where those with less money go to for medical help). I have been there more than once. They can probably find you a book or two and reports on Chagas. Or send you to even high echelons of the Bolivia department of health in downtown central La Paz regardless of who you are. But the Biblioteca National in downtown central La Paz has near nothing on Chagas. The La Paz General Hospital of Clinicas across the street is very down to earth and relaxed place and will help you. I have gotten help there on medical information also. But the Biblioteca Nacional has nothing on most medical subjects. Bolivia is not unfriendly. Probably most Social Work people will return. But to let you know do not rely on the Biblioteca Nacional for medical information. You will not find it. This may suggest medical text donations to the Biblioteca National will help. Or it may not. Medical students may end up with them.                                                                                          The rate of Chagas Disease deaths in Bolivia today is devistational, equal to an estimated rate of Chagas Disease deaths in the United States south of the snowline in the 17th, 18th and 19th century. One of every thirteen people who die in Bolivia die of  Chagas Disease. In other South America nations only about one person per hundred persons dies of Chagas Disease. There is the song "only the good die young" but in Bolivia this is "only the poor die young of Chagas".  This following is why one out of thirteen in Bolivia who die each year die of Chagas Disease and in Bolivia bordering nations the rate is one in one hundred dying each year dying of Chagas Disease. On a social work world level - and I am writing this page for World Social Work Day which was April 15 - the correction to the problem is staggering in it's dimension. But it must be solved soon - the other alternative another War of the Pacific. All wars are not ended. "Come Lord Jesus come".                                                                       President Arthur had not purchased a new suit that day and was concentrated on what tweed he should buy when he suggested to Secretary of State Frelinghuysen he make it clear in his letter of the president's recent words to Congress on the Bolivia coastline that Bolivia should consider itself fortunate that it had lost only it's coastline and it's Capital was not occupied by the Chile military as was Lima, Peru occupied by Chile military. Nor was President Arthur aware that the taking of the Bolivia coast by Chile was a quiet long run objective design by England to control totally South America business from the nation of Bolivia keeping North America to the north in place and pushing Spain across the Atlantic. Considering the tweeds president Arthur handed over the vast wealth of South America to England. And the England design went farther to controlling U.S. business. But then came problems at home in Europe for England and World War 1. And before World War 1 President Theodore Roosevelt who was very generous with England his definition of generosity to England meaning "not very much" and who managed to see through most of it.                                                                                                     Of all diplomatic intervention made from Washington DC all have been above the horizontal zero reference line in terms of at least an iota of intellect at least at the purely moronic level. A degree if not much above the zero reference line with exception of President Arthur's intervention in the War of the Pacific and the taking of the sacred historic Charcas coastline of Bolivia which in no iota of any way or means ever concerned Chile as Chile is not Charcas. But England wanted to center it's business control of all of South America over the United States and Spain in secluded easily defended Bolivia which would be permanent and this meant taking the Bolivia coastline from Bolivia by Chile the junta partner of England business. President Arthur did not see the England design and fell into the trap. No man has ever in the course of U.S. history put the U.S. and world in such jepordy. There would be no Panama Canal. After securing South America England would then have tightened on North America, draining it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        This all began in the late nineteenth century with the British sorely disappointed by their loss of their empire and  failure to have influence in North America deciding to surpass their Spain cousins in South America with influence via the government of Great Britain working with British business. The saltpeter and other minerals along the Atacama desert Bolivia coastline of ancient Charcas (Bolivia) could have been purchased more cheaply from Bolivia at greater profit to British business, by England even with the increased emergency tax imposed by Bolivia to pay for Bolivia earthquake damage - which the English did not want to pay as no raised taxes were in the contract - rather than England purchasing the minerals from Chile. After the aquisition of the Bolivia coast the English paid big money to Chile for the mineral rights, much more than even with the Bolivia emergency tax increase - and the people of the conquered Bolivia coast were happy with big wages untill the minerals ran out. But who controls Bolivia controls South America. The Gatlin gun swings all ways in Bolivia and in fact only a Gatlin gun is needed to defend Bolivia proper.  To accept British influence Bolivia had to be isolated by the removal of it's coast line following which in turn with Chile as a secondary partmer the British would work their way in and become the business administrator of  South America. Bolivia is where the South America business office would be located, in Bolivia, and principally British. Following this War of the Pacific however England encountered many problems at home ending in World War 1 which major Fawcett was called home to and promoted to Lt Colonel (see http://www.nylicsocialworkeramazonas.com/id28.html ). The grand design never materialized. The punishment on Peru by Chile was a Chile idea that there must be some tamped pressure on Peru to insure proper behavior. The coastline of Bolivia was to be taken by Chile as Chile was successful at as England realized that as soon as the United States realized British ambitions in Bolivia the United States would seek an agreement with Bolivia for both a military Naval station in Bolivia and more than one Business port. President Arthur never was able to see what England was up to although Bolivia believed he would and would obey the Americas world law not any different then than today. The end product is what you read below. It was an England idea to cut off the United States from influence and profits in South America which Chile went along with and the United States went along with in self castration as President Arthur was lacking. It did not succeed. What it has succeeded in is causing a one in thirteen death rate in Bolivia of those dying yearly dying of Chagas Disease because of being landlocked and lack of money compared to a one in one hundred death rate of those dying yearly dying of Chagas in other South America nations.                                                                                                                                                   I have read the publicized plan of  former President Carlos Mesa, sitting in the La Paz restaurants, for two decades of negotiations to regain the Bolivia coastline with Chile and if not successful a major war in South America between Bolivia and Chile for the coastline. Basically it is an untimatum to the United States giving the United States a second chance. The chances are our U.S. State Department does not even have a copy of it.  Chile will not relinquish one centemeter of the Bolivia coastline now included as the Chile coastline and the war will happen and sooner than two decades in a war that will destabilize the Panama Canal giving a window to Al Qaeda and Al Qaeda or the FARC causing any trouble or not cause the most severe depression in the United States it has ever known. As to the British they occupy the Faulklands and they have done very well there.                                                                                                                                           The infectious T Cruzi protozoa carried and delivered by the bite of the Reduvid (called Vinchuca) bug yearly causes one out of thirteen deaths in Bolivia. Two centuries ago the death rate in the U.S. would have been about the same south of the snow line Atlantic to Pacific. The Vinchuca is abundant south of the U.S. snowline to north of the snowline in Argentina and Chile. It's natural habitation is the forests and savanas and deserts and the "wild strain" inhabits these but it will produce a "domestic strain" from the wild strain whose habitation becomes human households where it feeds on blood of humans. There are Reduvid bugs that feed entirely on nectar that look like their cousins the Reduvid Vinchuca and most look alike Reduvids are not vampires, but the Reduvid Vinchuca feeds entirely on mammal and bird blood. In doing so as it drops down on and locates on it's sleeping victim nights the Vinchuca walks around cutting an incision to feed on blood and at the same time deficates the defication hosting the T Cruzi protozoa which the feet of the Vinchuca insect tamp into the lesion it has created for purposes of feeding on the victim. This infects people with the protozoa. Most people have a good immunity to Chagas but one our of thirteen deaths from Chagas Disease in Bolivia show that many do not. The Vinchuca given it is a big insect and bulbous with blood makes it a morsel easy to scent out and be devoured and desired by numerous enemies. Thus it is by nature extrordinarily skitterish about making it's habitation in the more expensive older building materials and modern building materials neither of which offer it protection needed like human habitations made of grass or thatch and the like which it can burrow into and find safety or find emergency safety in from those who wish to feed on it. Thus in the U.S. the Vinchuca was forced back to it's nature habitation the woods, savanna and desert land a long while back by older more expensive housing and more modern housing where it reverted to the "wild strain" accustomed to feeding on mammals and birds of the nature habitation and no longer people and their pets in the household. This is not however the case in Bolivia which is very poor because it has become landlocked. I have seen many of the thatch and grass habitations in the Amazon state of the Bolivia Beni with young cattle, sheep, pigs and goats huddled right up against the human dwellings for Jaguar protection becoming part of the household like pets.                                                                                              Chile with England private enterprise in a military junta to capture mineral wealth on the Bolivian coast took the Bolivia coast from Bolivia in the later nineteenth century beginning around the Pacific coastal city of antofagasta north to Iquiqui. Then from Iquiqui north to Arica was a narrow strip of  coastline belonging to Peru which Chile took from Peru and as well occupied the Peru city of Lima for many months untill it became obedient. The fear of the hundred and more Jews in La Paz, Bolivia during the gas-petrol demonstrations late spring 2005 tied in with the Chagas problem in Bolivia the origin of the problem with the devilishness of Chile equated with the devilishness of Israel with the Palistinians causing similar high death rates taking Palistinian lands. I was in La Pas during the gas-petrol revolution and could not get out so stayed it out untill it was possible to pay a fee in the black early morning hours to exit. I stayed at the old Peace Corps hotel on the Plaza San Pedro (Plaza Sucre) the Hostal Sucre and within a few days the Pueblo marching in with banners and signs of Jesus and Che Guevara side by side make my Plaza a staging point. There were certain dangers and one night the rear porch of the president's home was dynamited. Shortly thereafter having no connection with the dynamiting of the presidents back porch president Carlos Mesa resigned and then the next in succession and then the next in succession folloing the first in succession. There was good pueblo orgainzation and basically the staging area at the Plaza Sucre (Plaza San Pedro) was tranquil with exception of a few scab taxi drivers who I watched pulled out of their taxis and beat with a rubber radiator belt. All took their beating well as the consequences of not were much worse. Ultimately Chile will have to return the Bolivia coastline they took, on a humanitarian basis.                                                                                                                                                 The other alternative is a war between Bolivia and Chile. And it inevitable in the not distant future. Presently the wealthy Bolivia state of Santa Cruz has just taken a straw poll to succeed from Bolivia. As a waterway Santa Cruz uses the Paraguay river along the Pantanal and then to Buenor Aires to the Atlantic ocean. The only other waterway bolivia owns a port on is the Mamore river (upper Madiera river on some maps) to the Amazon river to the Atlantic. The river at the Guayara-merins is a problem for the first hundred miles to the Amazon river and the Atlantic ocean and they need to rebuild for economy the rail road at the Guayara-mirims the costliest ever built per rail mile and in human lives called the Devils rail road that shunted around 100 miles of bad river stretch to permit economical reloading one hundred miles north onto the central Madiera river to the Amazon river to the Atlantic. The nations of Peru, Ecuador and Columbia have free access agreement to using the Amazon river but Bolivia does not and will have to pay expensive fees after the rail road is rebuilt not only for the rail road which lies entirely in Brazil but on the central and lower Madiera river and Amazon river itself to the Atlantic. Bolivia has no air force to speak of and Chile a strong air force. However Bolivia is militarily strtegic and who controls Bolivia controls all of South America with the Gatlin gun. In fact all that is needed to defend it is the Gatlin gun. Militarily Chile will not be able to defend it's northern coastline and it will easily be retaken by military forrays from Bolivia and it is contingent on if Bolivia is willing to see much of its modern structures such as new highrise hotels and office buildings in La Paz and the city of Santa Cruz destroyed by the Chile air force. However Bolivia is spread out and the Chile air force will never be able to deliver a killing blow. At the same time Bolivia needs it's wealthy state of Santa Cruz in a successful war against Chile and to reiterate to be willing to sacrifice much of it's capital structure to the Chile air force in order to regain it's coast. It is not Hobsons Choice. Thus a war is logical and humanitarian. A logical peaceful solution which will increase the Bolivia GNP is better. A war within the next ten to twenty years otherwise is inevitable initiated by Bolivia. That will solve the problem but cause a grave problem reaching to destabilization of the Panama Canal and with FARC  and Al Queda it's security. The present presenting problem in the wealthy Bolivia state of Santa Cruz is that President Evo Morales wants land reform and to redistribute a percentage of land from the wealthy land owners to the poorer and middle class. Personally I do not think it that wealthy. I was about the public hospital grounds in Santa Crus and in an enclave outside on the hospital inside grounds (place where you leave buckets and mops) saw what I thought was a foot sticking out of a bucket. It turned out to be a foot attached to a leg. The vice president of Bolivia Alvaro Garcia did his university studies in Mexico City. Following graduation his endeavors were revolutionary blowing up gas pipe lines in Bolivia and Bolivia Mormon missions. He was captured and spent five years in a Bolivia prison. Then became a popular Bolivia T.V.talk show host for five years and left his talk show host position to become three years ago vice president of Bolivia. Neither president Evo Morales or Alvaro Garcia are tied in with the FARC or Al Qaeda and both FARC and Al Qaeda would probably reject them as much as FARC and Al Qaeda would reject former president Carlos Mesa. President Evo Morales was president of the Coca growers association in the Medicine and Coca Cola kingdom of Cochabamba, Bolivia which send a lot of coca bales to medicine manufactures and Coca Cola. It is a very prosperous city and from outward appearances (and I have never seen any other appearances) appears as prosperous as any U.S. city or more so...... It may interest that Coca Cola has no secret formula as they say they do. Anyone can make Coca Cola by adding for flavoring boiled down coca tea (called Mata tea a common herbal tea) adding boiled down cola plant tea from Africa, with burnt brown sugar, the best of drinking water and carbonation. That is Coca Cola.  It is an all natural drink with only carbonated water added. Occasionally Bolivia newspapers report fragmentary records of bales of coca plant sent Coca Cola and Medicine industry.. Lonely Planet tourist book has figured out in the past how the U.S. subsidizes coca plant farming. In real there is not enough legitimate coca plant grown to meet the world demands of Coca Cola, not to speak of Medicine needs which consumes a great quantity also. Some coca plant is also illegally transported to Columbia where it is processed to the illegal drug Cocain. In the past Cocain was produced in Bolivia down in the Bolivia amazon basin by the Guapore river (far upper Madiera river on some maps) across from the Brazil Mato Grosso on the Bolivia 2400 square mile Lost World plateau popularized by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. This was after he learned of it from his friend Colonel Percy Fawcett when he was a Major working as a surveyor for the government of Bolivia and surveyed the plateau. That area is now a primative national park region a few hundred people a year visit with a guide required to go into the interior. It is located in the  south east of the Bolivia state of Santa Cruz in the southern most amazon basin immediately north of the dividing line between the Amazon Basin and the Pantanal. Most people are not aware the amazon basin and Pantanal are two seperate regions.  Bolivia is rathere well populated everywhere and it has no FARC organization. The Lost World was the last reamaining area Cocain could be safely processed in Bolivia. Reading the report of Colonel (Major) Percy Fawcett the Lost World plateau was not hospitable but Cocain processors nevertheless managed to build an airfield there and an processing plant. A gun battle ensued eventually between the government of Bolivia and the processors in which many were killed and the processing plant destroyed. The only place you will encounter a few naked indians walking up roads today in Bolivia is in the Bolivia state of Pando not far north west of the Guayaramerins. The Abuna river runs through there along the Brazil amazon basin border and Colonel (then Major) Percy Fawcett calls it the most disease infested river in the South American amazon basin full of warlike indians and bandits (bandits and Madiera river Amazon river pirates. He writes that he killed what he gives as a 64 foot anaconda on the Abuna at an area of the Abuna called locally rio negro. Eighteen feet of the tail was submerged in the river water and the remaining 46 feet coiled about a tree on the river bank. The indians with him asked him not to shoot the snake as it could attack. There are no coca processing plants today known in the Pando.  Bolivia is sqeeeky clean.                                                                                                                                           Coca Cola is a natural beverage with no artificial chemicals. In Guatemala the price of Coca Cola and Milk have become so high with inflation that the citizens can afford neither, and in terms of the soda refreshments end have switched to cheap soda containing many artificial chemicals. A citizen of Guatemala told me doctors are now seeing before unseen stomach problems. Coca farming is a good business. We will die without it. The coca plant itself as it exists in nature is no more dangerous to chew or boil into a tea than to eat daiseys, which are edible nutritious flower that can be processed into a neurotoxin.                                                                                                                                                                This taking of the Bolivia coastline has made Bolivia poor to reiterate. The Vinchuca exists in abundance in Bolivia from near sea level in the Amazon basin to just below the highest inhabited level of the Altiplano in the Andes mountains. It will not be found in Tiwanaku, Bolivia at over 13,000 feet altitude as it's wings which it needs to successfully feed become debilitated in the rarer air just as lower cost new Piper and Cessna aircraft fully loaded will only bounce along the runway but not become air born at this rarified air altitude. What causes the high death rate in Bolivia is that many of the human habitations are constructed of basic nature materials such as thatch and grass which afford a safe habitation for the Vinchuca which are living quarters and escape safety for the Vinchuca from those enemies who want to eat it.                                                                                                                                                     With these less expensiive types of human habitations the Daisy flower (Margarita, Margarida) resin neurotoxin spray in economical factory produced synthetic version (natural Daisy resin neurotoxin spray is slightly superior but unaffordable and must be used frequently) is necessary to kill the Vinchuca and drive it away from the human habitation. Bolivia because it is landlocked and very poor presently can not afford this spray neurotoxin. Other Latin America nations are more prosporous and can afford and have programs to spray dwellings constructed of basic nature materials driving the Vinchuca back to the woods and savanas and deserts where it reverts to the wild strain becoming accustomed to feeding on wild mammals and birds. In these other South America nations only one percent of the population yearly die of Chagas Disease the much lower death rate being the result of the spraying of the synthetic Daisy flower resin neurotoxin which is affordable to these South America nations reiterating. Chile and Argentina in a few decades with greater prosperity and more modern housing expect to drop their Chagas spraying program as the Vinchuca will not inhabit these more expensive and modern dwellings nor venture into them for the reasons already given of no excape protection, the same transition that happened in the United States south and south west below the snow line where with older type expensice and/or more modern housing the Vinchuca reverted to the woods and savanas and deserts leaving the households.                                                                                                                                              An good cure for Chagas Disease has been sought for many decades and is still being sought. This short page on Chagas Disease is written for World Social Work Day which was April 15, 2008. Chagas Disease and it's elimination needs a strong element of social work.   The return by Chile of the Bolivia coastline from Antofagasta to Iquiqui will historically be one the worlds greatest steps to a more civilized world and a kinder and more gentle world. God has shown his favor on a chosen nation of his, Chile, by given them this opportunity.  The invasion and Conquest of the Bolivia coast. The conquest of the Bolivia coast  could only be justified by Chile that it was providing the Bolivians living there with better wages and living improvements and thus it was justified to annex it to Chile. Already by law in the Americas and world the conquest was illegal. The U.S. was invited in and ambassadors tried to help but U.S. president Arthur  sent the most unbelievable of letters as suggested to his Secretary of  State Frelinghuysen to the Bolivia government ever sent by a U.S. president diplomatically, not wanting to get involved in terms of U.S. military intervention stating that "Bolivia should consider itself fortunate over Peru whose capital Lima Chile had occupied, that only its coastal lands had been taken by Chile and with exception of it's coastal lands gone remained free of occupation". By that time British money in terms of wages in mining the coastal mineral deposits of saltpeter and other minerals was making Bolivians of the conquered coast feel good about Chile. It was ended. The president considered the conquest legal although it was illegal and he knew so, not wanting to get involved in the expense of a U.S. military action on the Pacific Coast which Bolivia thought surely would come and which could turn out long term. For Bolivia it was over. It's lands were put on world maps as part of Chile as is the case year 2008. It is the very worst case in U.S. history of the U.S. not backing up it's word and the lowest ebb point of the U.S. in U.S. history since the Continental Congress was formed by a lacking U.S. president.                                                                                                                                                               (in retrospect these good wages the British provided ran out in a couple of decades after England had finished exausting the mineral wealth British enterprise sought along that southern jut down south of the Atacama desert which was the Bolivia coast)                                                                                                                                         James F Lawton   (eeuu) new york state licensed master social worker, member national association of social workers (eeuu)